The apotheosis, or transformation, of rulers into gods or demigods dates at least back to ancient Greece. The Baroque era saw the revival of this pre-Christian practice. In this painting, a stern-looking “Great Elector” is cast among heavenly muses, who strive to capture his image. Frederick William is portrayed as a prince of peace and a patron of the arts. Minerva (on the left edge of the canvas) and Apollo (next to her, with a lyre) crush evil creatures underfoot, while a heavenly messenger (top left quadrant) trumpets the ruler’s immortalitas – his immortal fame.