Abstract
Even before “Operation Hummingbird,” Hitler saw to it that rumors
were spread about a possible coup d’état being planned by the SA. The
day after the purge, propaganda minster Joseph Goebbels declared that
Ernst Röhm and Kurt von Schleicher had been plotting a “second
revolution,” which the Nazis had managed to thwart, thus saving the
country from chaos. The National Socialist press also stressed the
homosexuality and alleged perversion of Röhm and his followers, who, as
the party emphasized, no longer presented any moral danger to the German
people. On July 3, 1934, the regime decreed the “Law on State
Self-Defense Measures” [Gesetz über
Maßnahmen der Staatsnotwehr, or
Staatsnotwehrgesetz], which
retroactively legalized the political murders committed on what became
known as “the Night of the Long Knives.”
The main headline of the July 3, 1934, edition of the
Völkischer Beobachter reads: “The
‘Second Revolution’: Pledges of Loyalty to the Führer from throughout
the Reich. – The Impression the ‘Cleansing-Action’ Made Abroad – Reich
Minister Dr. Frick to Civil Servants.” Other headlines read: “A Strong
Fist and an Iron Will Rule in Germany,” “The Reich President to the
Führer: The German People Saved from Serious Danger,” and “The People
Greet the Führer.”