This caricature by the French satirist “Cham”—whose real name was Amédée Ch. H. de Noe (1819–1879)—reflects French fears that Prussia would continue to grow after the military victories of 1866. The establishment of the North German Confederation further compounded these fears. The image shows a French soldier measuring the height of the much shorter Prussian soldier. The farthest point the Prussian had reached on the yardstick is labeled “Rhine.” The text reads: “Now that’s enough. You must not grow taller. I tell you this in the interest of your own health.”