Sources

  1. “The Extent of Our Agreement” (October 13, 1861)

  2. Bismarck’s Diplomatic and Military Gamble through British Eyes (February–August 1866)

  3. French Caricature about Prussian Expansion (1867)

  4. “The Future of the Empire Foretold” (September 9, 1866)

  5. Franz von Lenbach, Portrait of Otto von Bismarck (1890)

  6. “The Opportunity is Favorable” (June 3, 1866)

  7. The Battle of Königgrätz, July 3, 1866 (1866)

  8. Austrian and Saxon Artillery on the Heights of Problus at the Battle of Königgrätz on July 3, 1866 (no date)

  9. Wilhelm I and Entourage at the Battle of Königgrätz on July 3, 1866 (Painting, 1872)

  10. Eyewitnesses Describe the Battlefield at Königgrätz (July 1866)

  11. The Battle of Königgrätz (c. 1866)

  12. “The Last Billet” (1866)

  13. Makeshift Hospital in Leipzig’s Gymnastics Hall (1866)

  14. “Found and Lost Again” (1870–71)

  15. Adolph Menzel, “Three Fallen Soldiers in a Barn” and “Two Fallen Soldiers” (1866)

  16. “The Predators of the Battlefield” (1866)

  17. Arrival of Mecklenburg Artillery in Leipzig in June 1866 (no date)

  18. The Wounded Pour into Dresden (19th Century)

  19. “Bismarck is now the Most Popular Man in Prussia”: Wilhelm von Kügelgen after the Battle of Königgrätz (July 5, 1866)

  20. Prussian Liberals and Bismarck after Königgrätz (1866)

  21. Cham, “To Use a Needle...” (September 1866)

  22. Honoré Daumier, “The New Gulliver” (1866)

  23. The Public Mood in Bavaria and Other Federal States through British Eyes (December 3, 1866)

  24. Entry of Victorious Prussian Troops into Berlin (September 21, 1866)

  25. Prussian Troops Arrive in Dresden on June 18, 1866 (no date)

  26. Victory Celebrations at the Brandenburg Gate on September 21, 1866 (no date)

  27. Bismarck Remembers the Evening the Ems Dispatch was Edited (July 13, 1870)

  28. Original and Edited Versions of the Ems Dispatch (July 13, 1870)

  29. Ems Dispatch, Original (Pages 1 and 2) (July 13, 1870)

  30. Ems Dispatch, Bismarck’s Edited Version (Page 1) (July 13, 1870)

  31. A Reenactment from the Battle of Sedan on September 1, 1870 (Sound Recording, 1890)

  32. Anton von Werner, Chief of the Prussian General Staff Helmuth von Moltke in his Office at Versailles (1870)

  33. Negotiations during the Battle of Sedan on September 1, 1870 (Painting, 1894)

  34. Celebrating the Victory at Sedan (1870)

  35. Arsenal at Sedan (1870–71)

  36. The Struggle for Civilian or Military Control of the War against France (December 1870)

  37. Destroyed Barracks in the French Fort Issy (1871)

  38. The Siege of Paris (1870–71)

  39. Negotiating Kaiserdom: Letter from Bismarck to King Ludwig II of Bavaria (November 27, 1870)

  40. “His Holiness, Wilhelm the Butcher” (1870)

  41. “The New Prussian Coat of Arms” (August 30, 1871)

  42. “Germany’s Future” (1870)

  43. Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Describes a Prussian State Council Meeting (January 17, 1871)

  44. Final Discussions before the Proclamation of the German Empire (January 17–18, 1871)

  45. Anton von Werner, The Proclamation of the German Empire on January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, Copperplate Gravure of the “Palace Version” of the Painting (1877)

  46. Anton von Werner, The Proclamation of the German Empire on January 18, 1871 (no date)

  47. Anton von Werner, The Proclamation of the German Empire on January 18, 1871, Friedrichsruh Version (1885)

  48. Paul Bürde, Homage to Kaiser Wilhelm I (1871)

  49. Receipt of Monies from France and Expenditures in Germany from the French War Indemnity (1870s)

  50. A. Müller-Schönhausen, The Peace Dispatches (1871–72)

  51. Anton von Werner, A Billet outside Paris (1894)

  52. Honorary Delegation of German Regiments at Versailles (January 18, 1871)

  53. Troops Parade down the Champs Élysée in Paris (March 1, 1871)

  54. Troops Parade through the Brandenburg Gate (June 16, 1871)

  55. Württemberg Democrat Ludwig Pfau on German Federalism (1864/1895)

  56. Southern Germany and the North German Confederation (April 11, 1868)

  57. Count Friedrich von Beust in Praise of the German Confederation (1887)

  58. Prussia’s Federal Reform Proposal (April 9, 1866)

  59. Map: Elections to the Prussian House of Deputies (July 3, 1866)

  60. Bismarck’s “Putbus Dictations” on Germany’s Future Constitution (October–November 1866)

  61. “Something is Rotten in the State, etc.” (October 4, 1868)

  62. Bismarck’s Speech in the North German Reichstag in Defense of his Draft Constitution (March 11, 1867)

  63. Caricature: Elections in Prussia, England, and America (1867)

  64. Electoral Law for the Reichstag of the North German Confederation (May 31, 1869)

  65. Constitution of the German Empire (April 16, 1871)

  66. The Constitution of the German Empire (April 16, 1871)

  67. Interior of the Reichstag (1872)

  68. Seating Plan of the Reichstag (1874)

  69. A Session of the German Reichstag (1874)

  70. Law on Freedom of Movement [Freizügigkeit] (November 1, 1867)

  71. The U.S. Ambassador in Berlin Praises the Constitution of the North German Confederation (November 1, 1867)

  72. Bismarck with Diplomatic Envoys of Germany’s Federal States (1889)

  73. Law on Freedom of Occupation [Gewerbefreiheit] and Freedom of Coalition [Koalitionsfreiheit] (June 21, 1869)

  74. Law on Freedom of Religion (July 3, 1869)

  75. Law on Nationality and Citizenship (June 1, 1870)

  76. Imperial Press Law (May 7, 1874)

  77. Max Weber Reflects on Cooperation between the National Liberals and Bismarck during the 1860s and 1870s (May 1918)

  78. German Liberalism Recast: Hermann Baumgarten’s Self-Criticism (Early October 1866)

  79. Heinrich von Sybel Describes the Structure of the German Empire and the Prospects for Liberty (January 1, 1871)

  80. “Imperial Days” in Dresden: Kaiser Wilhelm I Visits a Provincial Capital (September 14, 1882)

  81. Henrik Ibsen’s “Balloon Letter to a Swedish Lady” Expresses Fear of German Militarism (December 1870)

  82. Heinrich von Sybel to Hermann Baumgarten on the Founding of the Reich (January 27, 1871)

  83. Bismarck Leads Alsace and Lorraine into the Empire (1871)

  84. Alsace-Lorraine’s Provincial Assembly in Strasbourg (c. 1874)

  85. August Bebel, Reichstag Speech (November 8, 1871)

  86. King Ludwig II of Bavaria – Growing Concerns about his Mental State (1883–86)

  87. King Ludwig II of Bavaria (1887)

  88. Julius Jolly, Former Prime Minister of Baden, on the Rights and Influence of Parliament in the System of Constitutional Monarchy (1880)

  89. Max von Forckenbeck to Franz von Stauffenberg on the Need for National Liberal Opposition (January 19, 1879)

  90. A South German View of Liberal Capitulation (April 1868)

  91. National Liberal Leaders (1878)

  92. Liberal Secessionists’ Declaration (August 30, 1880)

  93. Left-Liberal Hopes and Doubts (1881/84)

  94. Georg von Bunsen, “The Liberal Party in Germany” (November 1882)

  95. Royal Decree: Civil Servants Must Support their King at Election Time (January 4, 1882)

  96. The Wife of the British Ambassador in Berlin Writes to Queen Victoria about Bismarck’s Political Omnipotence (December 27, 1880)

  97. Theodor Fontane, “Bismarck Is a Despot” (March 12, 1881)

  98. Bismarck in the Reichstag, Outraged by Liberal Criticism (1882)

  99. Ludwig Bamberger on Hopes for Parliamentary Government under Kaiser Friedrich III (March 31, 1888)

  100. German Crown Princess Victoria Criticizes Bismarck’s Personal Regime as Dictatorial (1887–89)