Early modern European religious divisions extended beyond the conflicts between Reformation Era confessional controversies and violence. Early modern Christians articulated varying opinions about Islam and Muslims, often in openly hostile and racist terms. Both Luther and Erasmus wrote about Islam, frequently portraying Ottoman Turks as a punishment against ungodly Christians. This text, which accompanied an engraving by Dutch artist and publisher Christoffel von Sichem, is taken from a popular illustrated work on the “main heretics” of its day. First produced as a series of woodcuts, it was later expanded with text and published in Dutch in Amsterdam in 1608, and throughout the mid-seventeenth century in German, Latin, and English. Here, the author describes Machometh (Muhammad) as a Christian heretic, a common description used as a way to attack contemporary heretics. The description, blatantly shaped by prejudice, illustrates the long history of anti-Islam sentiment in Europe.