In 1920, members of various pacifist groups established the No-More-War Action Committee to organize annual mass rallies on August 1st to commemorate the outbreak of World War I. The rallies were held under the motto “No more war” [Nie wieder Krieg]. The organizers of these rallies hoped to generate a mass anti-war movement. Well-known figures such as Albert Einstein and his second wife Elsa (pictured here) were among the committed pacifists.