Following Germany’s defeat after the First World War and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles (1919), Germany lost all of its overseas territories, including German East Africa, which was divided between Britain (Tanganyika) and Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), German South-West Africa (Namibia), which became a mandate of South Africa, Togoland and Cameroon (partitioned between Britain and France), the Kionga Triangle, ceded to Portugal, Kiautschou Bay (Tsingtao), which was returned to China in 1922, and the Pacific islands (German New Guinea, Samoa, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, and Nauru, which were distributed to Japan, New Zealand, and Australia.