This portrait of Maria Theresia (1717-1780), painted in 1772 by Anton von Maron, shows her mourning the death of her husband, Francis I. She is gesturing at the Imperial crown as well as those of Bohemia and Hungary. The portrait was completed the same year as the first Partition of Poland (1772), which divided territories under Maria Theresia’s control among Catherine I (the Great) of Russia and Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia. Two additional partitions in 1793 and 1795 completed the annexation of the territory by Russia and Prussia.