Abstract

Hymns featured prominently in the early modern period as both an expression of faith and a method of spiritual and doctrinal education. Songs of praise had featured throughout the history of Christianity, and chants, psalms, and hymns played an important role in the expression of faith, liturgy, and doctrine in both the western and eastern medieval churches. The Protestant reformers used hymns to promote their reform agendas, and Martin Luther proved particularly successful in using hymns to spread and reinforce his reform message. Hymns also promoted a sense of community among believers and provided religious instruction beyond the church and in the home. Many hymns were adaptations of Psalms or other Scripture while other hymns reinforced a particular spiritual lesson or theological point. Hymns were sometimes set to one tune and then attached to a different tune later. Sometimes an established hymn tune was then used with different lyrics.

For early Anabaptists, hymns reflected not only aspects of faith and devotion, Scripture, and theology, but also a historical record of early modern Anabaptist experience. Hymns expressed the desire for strength in the face of persecution and martyr hymns honored steadfastness and faith in suffering. These hymns, written by Anabaptist women, also highlight the role of women in the development of early modern Anabaptism.

Two Anabaptist Hymns (16th century)

Source

Another song of Annelein of Freiburg, Who was Drowned and then Burned, 1529.

[editor’s note: Misattributed, actually by Ursula Helrigel]

To the tune of “In You I Have Hoped, Lord.”

Everlasting Father in heaven,

I call on You so ardently,

Do not let me turn from You.

Keep me in Your truth

Until my final end.

O God, guard my heart and mouth,

Lord watch over me at all times,

Let nothing separate me from You,

Be it affliction, anxiety, or need,

Keep me pure in joy.

My everlasting Lord and Father,

Show and teach me,

Poor unworthy child that I am,

That I heed your path and way,

In this lies my desire.

To walk through your power into death,

Through sorrow, torture, fear, and want.

Sustain me in this,

O God, so that I nevermore

Be separated from Your love.

Many travel along this road,

The cup of suffering lies there,

And also many untrue teachings

Which try to turn us away

From Christ our Lord.

To You I raise up my soul, Lord,

I depend on You in misfortune,

Do not let me come to harm,

That my enemy not stand over me

On this earth.

They have imprisoned me.

I wait, O God, with all my heart,

With very great longing,

When finally You will awake,

And set Your prisoners free.

O God, Father, make us like

The five virgins of Your kingdom

Who were prudently careful

To wait for the bridegroom

With His chosen flock.

Eternal king of heaven,

Feed us and quench our thirst

In a spiritual way

With Your food of truth

Which never perishes.

If you withhold Your food from us

Everything is lost and useless.

Without You we bring forth nothing.

Through grace we trust in You,

It will not fail us.

I do not doubt God’s power.

His judgments are all true.

He will not abandon anyone

Who stands firm in the faith,

And stays on the true paths.

Be comforted you Christians and rejoice,

Through Jesus Christ forevermore,

Who gives us love and faith.

God comforts us through His holy word,

On that we should rely.

I entrust myself to God and His church.

May He be my protector today,

For the sake of His name.

May this come to pass, Father mine,

Through Jesus Christ, Amen.

Another beautiful sacred song written by a young noblewoman, Walpurga of Pappenheim.

To the tune of: “Out of Deep Distress”

Oh pious heart, so glorify,

And give praises to your Lord,

Be mindful He is your father

Whom you should honour always

Without Him there is not one hout

With all the worry in your mind

That your life can be nourished.

He is the one who loves you from His heart,

His blessing He shares with you,

Forgiving You of Your misdeeds

And healing you of your wounds,

Arming you for the spiritual war,

So Satan no overcome you,

And disperse all of your treasures

He is merciful and so good

To the poor and destitute,

Who turn from all their arrogance,

And convert to His truth.

He accepts them like a father,

Seeing that they reach the end

Of the true path to salvation.

How like a true father He bends,

Doing good to His children,

God has opened Himself to us

Blessing us poor sinners.

He has loved us and has graced us,

Forgiving us our trespasses,

Making us victorious.

And He gives us His good Spirit

Which renews all of our hearts,

Through this we fulfill His commands,

Although with the pain of love.

He helps our need with grace and healing,

Promising us a glorious share,

Of the eternal treasures.

According to unrighteousness,

He has not recompensed us,

Instead He showed us compassion,

When we should have been doomed.

His mercy and His goodness

Is readied for every one of us

Who love Him from the heart.

What He has begun out of love,

He also wants to finish.

We offer ourselves to God’s grace

With loins that have been girded,

With all we have, even our flesh,

Hoping that, to His praise,

He will change our every way.

Oh Father! Be gracious to us,

While we are in wretchedness,

May our actions be upright,

And come to a blessed end.

Light us all with Your shining word,

So that we can, in this dark place,

Be not beguiled by false light.

Lord God! Accept our praise and thanks,

That we are humbly singing,

Let Your praise sound in us freely,

Let it penetrate our hearts.

Help us that we, with Your power,

Through true spiritual knighthood

May achieve the crown of life.

Amen.

Further reading

Linda H. Huebert Hecht and C. Arnold Snyder, “Ursula Hellrigel of the Ötz Valley and Annelein of Freiburg.” In Profiles of Anabaptist Women: Sixteenth-Century Reforming Pioneers. Edited by C. Arnold Snyder and Linda H. Huebert Hecht. Waterloo, ON, Kanada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1996. pp. 199-201.

Robert Kolb, “Preaching on Luther’s Hymn Texts in the Late Reformation.” Lutheran Quarterly 34, no. 1 (2020): 1–23.

A. J. Ramaker, “Hymns and Hymn Writers among the Anabaptists of the Sixteenth Century.” The Mennonite Quarterly Review 3 (1929): 93–131.

C. Arnold Snyder, “Magdalena, Walpurga, and Sophia Marschalk von Pappenheim.” In Profiles of Anabaptist Women: Sixteenth-Century Reforming Pioneers. Edited by C. Arnold Snyder und Linda H. Huebert Hecht. Waterloo, ON, Kanada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1996. pp. 121-122.

Keith L. Sprunger, “Dutch Anabaptists and the Telling of the Martyr Stories.” The Mennonite Quarterly Review 80, no. 2 (2006): 149–182.

Source of original German text: Ausbund Etlicher Schöner Christlicher Geseng/ wie die in der Gefengnuß zu Passaw im Schloss von den Schweitzern/ und auch von andern rechtgläubigen Christen hin und her gedicht worden. 1583. pp. 208-211; 409-412. Available online at: https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10207712?page=220

Translation: Christina Moss

Two Anabaptist Hymns (16th century)

Source: Ausbund Etlicher Schöner Christlicher Geseng/ wie die in der Gefengnuß zu Passaw im Schloss von den Schweitzern/ und auch von andern rechtgläubigen Christen hin und her gedicht worden. 1583. p. 208-211, 409-412. Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum. Digitale Bibliothek, https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10207712?page=220

MDZ Digitale Bibliothek

Two Anabaptist Hymns (16th century), published in: German History in Documents and Images, <https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/from-the-reformations-to-the-thirty-years-war-1500-1648/ghdi:document-5454> [March 27, 2025].