Abstract

The stock market crash in New York on October 24, 1929 resulted in the withdrawal of American loans from abroad, which had also financed the economic upswing of the “golden 20s” in Germany. The stock market crash in the USA escalated into a global economic crisis, which hit Germany particularly hard due to its dependence on foreign loans and investments. Both the German government and large companies were heavily in debt and could no longer obtain loans when the banks collapsed in the wake of the global economic crisis. Companies either filed for bankruptcy or laid off large numbers of employees. In the years from 1929 onwards, mass unemployment emerged, affecting millions of people in Germany. This reached its highest level in 1932, when around 5.6 million people were registered as unemployed. At the same time, industrial production in Germany (as in the USA) fell by 40%. This table traces the course of the global economic crisis in Germany using statistical data on production and employment as well as prices and wages in the years 1929 to 1934 and in comparison to 1928.

The Course of the Great Depression (1929-34)

Source

The Course of the Great Depression (1928 = 100)

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

Goods and Services

Industrial goods

103

86

61

46

54

77

Capital goods

103

84

54

35

45

75

Consumer goods, elastic demand (a)

97

91

87

74

80

90

Consumer goods, inelastic demand (b)

101

101

95

85

88

98

Employed

99

92

80

71

74

85

Prices and Wages

Capital goods

102

101

96

86

83

83

Consumer goods

98

91

80

67

64

67

Cost of living

102

98

90

80

78

67

Real wages

101

97

93

87

91

95

(a) Where income fluctuation has a disproportionate impact on demand (luxury goods).

(b) Where income fluctuation has a disproportionate impact on demand (everyday goods).

Source: Sozialgeschichtliches Arbeitsbuch, Volume III, Materialien zur Statistik des Deutschen Reiches 1914–1945, ed. Dietmar Petzina, Werner Abelshauser, and Anselm Faust. Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1978, p. 84.

Translation: Fred Reuss