Abstract
In January 1911, the Prussian government issued a
Jugendpflegeerlaß [youth welfare
decree] that laid down guidelines for state-funded youth work. According
to this decree, the aim of public youth work was to promote physical
activity, moral behavior, and patriotic sentiment. Several of Wilhelmine
Germany’s middle-class youth organizations (such as gymnastics clubs and
the Pfadfinder—the German variant of
the Boy Scouts) had set themselves the goal of providing pre-military
education to boys in order to prepare them for military service and
cultivate a patriotic mindset years before these official guidelines
were issued. Organized leisure activities such as hikes and camping
trips routinely included elements of pre-military education. This film
from 1912 documents a military-style field exercise organized by the
Jungdeutschland-Bund [Young Germany
League], an umbrella organization of militarist, patriotic youth
organizations that had been formed in 1911 on the initiative of the
Ministry of War. By 1914, the organization could count more than
750,000 members spread among their various organizations (or 1in 5 boys
ages 14-20). In this clip, boys from various member organizations, some
in uniform, are filmed taking part in a field exercise at the military
training ground in Zossen (Brandenburg). The Maggi Soup company provided
food for the event (4:49). As the film shows, military authorities
(likely reserve officer volunteers) supported and guided the work of
these youth organizations. While the boys captured on camera seem to
enjoy the camaraderie of the exercise, the intertitles leave little
doubt about how these activities were framed in militaristic ways. Many
of the boys in this film would be called up to fight in the First World
War (with many of them killed).