Source
Source: Cartography (WCAG-compliant) by Gabriel Moss, 2022, in collaboration with Jason Coy and Jared Poley. Based on: Yair Mintzker, The Defortification of the German City, 1689-1866 (Cambridge, 2012), pp 93-6.
Defensive structures were a feature of urban areas in German-speaking
Europe. Systems of walls, fortresses, moats and other defensive
structures shaped urban life for centuries. The walled fortresses had
the function of containing military force. They limited the population
centers to an urban core within the fortifications and restricted the
space in which housing, trade and other activities could take place.
However, this map shows the process of "defortification", i.e.
the removal of these walls and defenses and the transformation of
military into urban spaces. Note the rapid acceleration of
defortification after 1789.
Source: Cartography (WCAG-compliant) by Gabriel Moss, 2022, in collaboration with Jason Coy and Jared Poley. Based on: Yair Mintzker, The Defortification of the German City, 1689-1866 (Cambridge, 2012), pp 93-6.