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Abstract

Large numbers of Jews emigrated from Eastern Europe to Germany and Austria-Hungary at the turn of the century. Drawn by economic opportunities in cities like Berlin and Vienna, these Jews had little in common with their assimilated co-religionists. Differences in language, dress, food, and cultural practice created tensions within Jewish communities in Germany, and most assimilated German Jews did not welcome these new immigrants.

Foreign Jews in Total Jewish and Alien Populations (1910)

Source

I. In Major Provinces of Prussia and in Large German States (1910)

Locality[1]

Total Jews (a)

FJ (b)

% of Total Jews who are FJ

Total Number of Aliens (c)

% of Alien Population who are Jewish

Prussia:

East Prussia

13,027

2,108

16.18

15,004

14.05

West Prussia

13,954

412

2.95

7,087

5.81

Brandenburg

61,343

8,666

14.13

70,984

12.21

Pomerania

8,862

248

2.80

16,140

1.54

Posen

26,512

324

1.22

10,166

3.19

Silesia

44,985

2,554

5.68

105,962

2.41

Hanover

15,545

1,820

11.71

30,015

6.06

Rheinland

57,287

4,843

8.45

205,037

2.36

City of Berlin

90,013

18,694

20.77

54,046

34.59

Total: Prussia

415,926

48,166

11.58

688,788

6.99

Bavaria

55,065

7,320

13.58

134,124

5.46

Saxony

17,587

10,293

58.53

188,443

5.46

Württemberg

11,982 (b)

1,156

9.65

25,851

4.47

Baden

25,896 (c)

2,620

10.12

41,912

6.25

Hesse

24,063

2,494

10.36

11,328

22.02

FJ = Foreign Jews

(a) Unless otherwise noted, figures in this column are taken from H. Silbergleit, Die Bevölkerung und Berufsverhältnisse der Juden im Deutschen Reich, p. 24.

(b) Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, IX (1913), p. 72

(c) Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, VIII (1912), p. 15

(d) Vierteljahrshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Ergänzung zu 1916, p. 53

(e) Vierteljahrshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs, p. 53

II. In the “Large Cities” (Population of more than 100,000)

City[2]

Total Jews (a)

FJ (b)

% of Total Jews who are FJ

Total Number of Aliens (c)

% of Alien Population who are Jewish

Königsberg

4,565

1,169

25.61

2,144

54.52

Danzig

2,390 (f)

276

11.55

875

31.54

Berlin (proper)

90,013 (d)

15,524 (d)

17.25

54,046

28.72

18,694 (a)

20.77

Charlottenburg

22,508 (e)

3,227

14.34

11,105

29.06

Neukölln

2,080 (e)

485

23.32

4,356

11.13

Schoeneberg

11,641 (e)

1,412

12.13

5,741

24.60

Wilmersdorf

9,698 (e)

1,423

14.67

5,013

28.39

Stettin

2,757

108

3.92

1,374

7.86

Posen

5,605 (f)

110

1.96

1,241

8.86

Breslau

20,212

1,455

7.20

6,982

20.84

Magdeburg

1,843

295

16.01

1,925

15.32

Halle

1,397

263

18.83

1,655

15.89

Erfurt

807

103

12.76

1,073

9.60

Kiel

527

110

20.87

2,271

4.84

Altona

1,824

643

35.25

4.097

15.69

Hanover

5,386

1,091

20.26

3,783

28.84

Dortmund

2,830

391

13.82

3,598

10.87

Gelsenkirchen

1,261

229

18.16

2,687

8.52

Bochum

997

81

8.12

1,399

5.79

Frankfurt a/M

26,228

3,541

13.50

11,778

30.06

Cassel

2,675

257

9.60

1,817

14.14

Wiesbaden

2,444

750

30.69

3,778

19.85

Köln

12,393

1,672

13.49

9,812

17.04

Düsseldorf

3,985

569

14.28

1,172

4.83

Essen

2,944

445

15.12

6,139

7.25

Duisburg

1,554

309

19.88

18,311

1.69

Elberfeld

1,919

289

15.06

2,559

11.29

Barmen

668

69

10.33

1,392

4.96

Aachen

1,565

131

8.37

6,574

1.99

Krefeld

1,815

97

5.34

3,078

3.15

Mülheim

664

54

8.13

4,489

1.20

Saarbrücken

1,081

146

13.51

1,437

10.16

Hamborn

356

59

16.57

17,224

0.34

Munich

11,083 (g)

3,857

34.86

33,232

12.60

Nürnberg

7,815 (g)

1,226

15.69

7,847

15.62

Augsburg

1,217 (g)

155

12.74

2,623

5.91

Leipzig

9,874

6,406

64.83

21,946

29.19

Dresden

3,734

1,948

52,17

30,756

6.33

Chemnitz

1,911 (h)

642

33.59

17,175

3.74

Plauen

953 (h)

432

45.33

8,942

4.83

Stuttgart

4,291 (j)

836

19.48

6,559

12.74

Mannheim

6,402 (k)

887

13.86

5,694

15.58

Karlsruhe

3,058 (k)

654

21.39

3,168

20.64

Mainz

2,926

373

12.75

1,566

23.82

Braunschweig

1,774 (i)

160

9.02

2,299

6.96

Bremen

1,409

679

48.19

9,552

7.11

Hamburg

18,932

3,111

16.43

27,076

11.49

Strassburg

5,780

768

13.29

4,652

16.51

FJ = Foreign Jews

(a) When not otherwise stated, figures in this column are from H. Silbergleit, Die Bevölkerung und Berufsverhältnisse der Juden im Deutschen Reich, p. 24.

(b) When not otherwise stated, figures in this column are taken from Vierteljahrshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Ergänzung zu 1916, p. 86.

(c) Vierteljahrshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Ergänzung zu 1916, pp. 68–69.

(d) Klara Eschelbacher, “Die ostjüdische Einwanderungsbevölkerung der Stadt Berlin”, in Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, XVI, no. 1–6 (1920), p. 4.

(e) Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, X (1914), p. 121.

(f) Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, VII (1911), p. 157.

(g) Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, VIII (1912), p. 14.

(h) Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, XII (1916), p. 111.

(i) Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, XXV (1914), p. 9.

Notes

[1] Listed in order commonly given by German statistical publications.
[2] Listed in order commonly given by German statistical publications.

Source: Jack Wertheimer, Unwelcome Strangers: East European Jews in Imperial Germany. New York and Oxford, 1987. Appendix, Table II.