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Chapter 10
Military, Foreign Policy, and War
Home
Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
Chapter (10/13)
Sources
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Volume 2 (1926)
Hitler’s Letter to Colonel Walther von Reichenau on Germany’s Situation with Respect to Foreign Relations (December 4, 1932)
Hitler’s Comments at a Dinner with the Chiefs of the Army and the Navy (February 3, 1933)
Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath Justifies Germany’s Withdrawal from the League of Nations in Front of the International Press (October 16, 1933)
Reichswehr Generals at a Military Parade in Berlin (June 1, 1934)
Big Chancellor, Little Chancellor: Caricature of Hitler and Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß Shortly before the Latter’s Assassination (Summer 1934)
The Reichswehr Swears an Oath of Allegiance to Adolf Hitler on the Day of Hindenburg’s Death (August 2, 1934)
Mass Rally Organized by the Nazis in the Lead Up to the Referendum on the Future of the Saarland (Fall 1934)
Ballot for the Saarland Referendum (January 13, 1935)
“Heroes’ Remembrance Day” in Berlin (March 17, 1935)
Joachim von Ribbentrop after the Conclusion of the German-British Naval Treaty in London (June 18, 1935)
Tank Demonstration at a Harvest Festival in Brückeberg (October 1, 1935)
Flag Ceremony and Swearing-In of Recruits in Berlin (November 7, 1935)
Decree by Reich Minister of War and Wehrmacht Commander-in-Chief Werner von Blomberg on Political Education and Instruction (January 30, 1936)
Wehrmacht Units Occupy the Demilitarized Rhineland Zone: The First Troops March Into Koblenz (March 1936)
Remilitarization of the Rhineland (1936)
Düsseldorf Residents Greet German Troops during the Occupation of the Rhineland (March 10, 1936)
Werner von Blomberg, Hermann Göring, Werner von Fritsch, and Adolf Hitler at the “Reich Party Rally for Work,” Nuremberg (September 1937)
Summary of Hitler’s Meeting with the Heads of the Armed Services on November 5, 1937 (Hossbach Protocol of November 10, 1937)
Werner von Fritsch Reflects on the Relationship between the SS and the Wehrmacht (February 1, 1938)
Adolf Hitler on a State Visit to Benito Mussolini in Rome (1938)
Cheering Austrians Greet Adolf Hitler in his Hometown of Braunau am Inn (March 12, 1938)
Referendum on the Annexation [Anschluss] of Austria to the German Reich: Advertisement for “Yes” Votes in Hamburg (April 1, 1938)
The Munich Agreement (September 29, 1938)
Group Photo of the Participants in the Munich Conference (September 29, 1938)
Hitler Signs the Munich Agreement (September 30, 1938)
“Peace for our Time” (1938)
Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler’s Joint Resolution “Never to Go to War with One Another Again” (September 30, 1938)
Soldier’s Diary Entries on the Takeover of the Sudetenland (1938)
Excerpts from Hitler’s Speech before the first “Greater German Reichstag” (January 30, 1939)
Hitler’s Secret Speech to Military Commanders (February 10, 1939)
The Occupation of Prague: A Motorcycle Division on the Charles Bridge (March 15, 1939)
Raymond Geist’s Report on his Conversation with Franz Halder (April 13, 1939)
The “Pact of Steel”: The Signing of the German-Italian Military Alliance in the New Reich Chancellery (May 22, 1939)
Hitler’s Speech to the Commanders in Chief (August 22, 1939)
The German-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty (August 23, 1939)
Signing of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty (August 23, 1939)
Appeal by the Reich Leader of the German Labor Front, published in the Völkischer Beobachter (November 20, 1939)
A Danzig Street Decorated with Swastika Flags (1937)
German Soldiers Dismantle a Polish Border Barrier (September 1, 1939)
Hitler’s Declaration of War (September 1, 1939)
Adolf Hitler among General Field Officers and Adjutants with Advancing Troops (September 1, 1939)
Germans in Front of a Radio Store in Berlin Listen to News of the Invasion of Poland (September 1, 1939)
SOPADE Report: No War Enthusiasm (September-October 1939).
German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty – The New Borders after the Division of Poland (September 28, 1939)
Alleged War Guilt: Former German Ambassador to Poland, Hans-Adolf von Moltke, Shows Foreign Journalists Archival Materials from Warsaw as “Proof” of Poland’s Responsibility for the War (Fall 1939)
Resettlement Action: Budapest Rations Station for Ethnic Germans from Bukovina (1940)
Crew Members of Submarine U 50 (March 2, 1940)
Signing of the Franco-German Armistice at Compiègne (June 22, 1940)
View of a Factory Workshop for the Production of Artillery Shells (November 13, 1940)
Women Cleaning Up after Forced Evictions in the Warthegau (1941)
German Radio Operator using the “Enigma” Device (March 1941)
Junkers Warplanes being Assembled (June 1941)
Directive No. 21: Operation Barbarossa (December 18, 1940)
The Army High Command’s Plan for Operation Barbarossa: Cartographic Illustration of the Planned Strategy and the Actual Strategy Implemented (1941)
Directives for the Treatment of Political Commissars (“Commissar Order”) (June 6, 1941)
Invasion of the Soviet Union: A Group of German Tanks before their Deployment (June 22, 1941)
Reich Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop Delivers the Foreign Ministry’s Declaration to the Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)
Caricature: Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin – The Friendship is Over (1941)
Martin Bormann’s Minutes of a Meeting at Hitler’s Headquarters (July 16, 1941)
Plan for the Public Campaign „Women Help Achieve Victory“ (March 19, 1941)
Eastern Front: German Tank Stuck in the Snow (December 1941)
German 5 cm Pak 38 Anti-Tank Gun in Open Artillery Position on a Street Crossing in Stalingrad (October 8, 1942)
Soviet POWs behind Barbed Wire (1942)
Erwin Rommel on his Defeat in Africa (1942)
Ursula von Kardorff, Diary Entries about Attitudes on the Home Front (October-November, 1942)
“Total War”: Excerpt from Goebbels’s Speech at the Sportpalast in Berlin (February 18, 1943)
Air-Raid Protection Brochure (1935)
American Wartime Propaganda Film “Why We Fight” (1942)
Air Marshal Arthur Harris (1942/43)
Report on British Air Raids on German Cities (October 16, 1943)
Aerial Images of Central Hamburg after “Operation Gomorrah” (July 28, 1943)
Hamburg after the Operation Gomorrah Bombings (July 1943)
The Police President of Hamburg Reports on the Hamburg Firestorm in July-August 1943 (1943)
Mathilde Wolff-Mönckeberg’s Letter Describing the Aftermath of the Hamburg Firestorm (August 24, 1943)
Personal Reflections on Surviving Allied Bombings
Occupation Terror in the Soviet Union: Partisans are Hanged to Deter Others (c. 1943)
General Friedrich Paulus after the Capitulation in Stalingrad (January 31, 1943)
Burning Houses in Stalingrad (February 2, 1943)
German Soldier after the Capitulation in Stalingrad (January/February 1943)
After the Battle – Surviving Members of the 6th Army (February 1943)
“Victory or Bolshevism” (1943)
Armaments Minister Albert Speer at a Meeting on Armaments Questions (1943)
Soldiers in Front of a Section of the “Atlantic Wall” in Northern France (1943)
SD Report to the Party Chancellery on “Basic Questions Regarding the Mood and Attitude of the German People” (November 29, 1943)
A Russian Village in Flames (January 10, 1944)
Adolf Hitler with Alfred Jodl and Hermann Fegelein at a Briefing (1944)
Members of the People’s Army [Volkssturm] with Weapons and a Battering Ram during an Exercise in Sanssouci in Potsdam (Fall 1944)
Inferno in Dresden’s Inner City (February 13, 1945)
Dresden in the Aftermath of Allied Bombing (February 13-14, 1945)
Eyewitness Götz Bergander Recalls the Bombing of Dresden (Retrospective Account, 1989)
Female Anti-Aircraft Helper (February 1945)
Hitler’s “Scorched Earth” Decree (Nero Decree) (March 19, 1945) and Albert Speer’s Response (March 29, 1945)
Hitler Welcomes Admiral Karl Dönitz to His Bunker (1945)
General Wilhelm Keitel Signing the Act of Military Surrender (May 8, 1945)
Final Days of Fighting in Berlin (1945)
After the Unconditional Surrender: Ruins at Brandenburg Gate (May 8, 1945)
Female Survival in Berlin in April 1945 (Retrospective Account, 1950s)
Armaments Expenditures 1928-1943
Science, Technology, and Nature
The Holocaust