Sources

  1. Carl Büchsel, Protestant Pastor, Describes Rural Courtship and Marriage (1865)

  2. Wilhelm Leibl, The Village Politicians (Peasants in Conversation) (1877)

  3. Fritz von Uhde, Bavarian Drummers (1883)

  4. Fritz von Uhde, Heath Princess (1889)

  5. Urbanization of Village Life near Lübeck after 1870 (Retrospective Account, 1927)

  6. Wilhelm Leibl, Peasant Boy (1876–77)

  7. Interior of Workers’ Homes in Hamburg and Karlsruhe (1891)

  8. Otto Günther, At the Day Laborers’ Table (1875)

  9. Dresden Cityscape (1865)

  10. A Young Noblewoman is Presented at Court (1882–83)

  11. A Young Berlin Noblewoman Recalls a House Ball, Skating, and Bicycling (c. 1890)

  12. Adolph Menzel, Supper at the Ball (1878)

  13. Ball in the Berlin Opera House (c. 1875)

  14. A Magdeburg Merchant Remembers a Royal Visit (1880)

  15. Anton von Werner, The Baptism in My House (1879)

  16. Taking Tea on the Terrace of the Neue Palais (July 9, 1870)

  17. The Hunt for Decorations and Titles (January 7, 1889)

  18. “The Commercial Councilor” (1884)

  19. Prussian Junkers as Farmers and Huntsmen (1870s–1880s)

  20. The Rural Landlord and “His” People (c. 1883)

  21. Wilhelm Leibl, Three Women in Church (1882)

  22. Carl Büchsel, Memories of a Rural Death (1860s)

  23. A Crematorium (c. 1875)

  24. Exclusivity and the Entrepreneurial Class in Remscheid (1880s)

  25. Paths to Entrepreneurial Success: A Banker’s Advice (1884)

  26. Alfred Krupp, Address to his Employees (February 11, 1877)

  27. Carl Ferdinand von Stumm-Halberg, Address to his Employees (c. 1889)

  28. Interior of a Leipzig Law Professor’s Home (1870s–1880s)

  29. Upper-Middle-Class Dining Room (1886)

  30. Fritz von Uhde, Children’s Nursery (1889)

  31. The Christmas Carol (1886)

  32. Financing the Upbringing and Education of a Bourgeois Family (1860–1890)

  33. Lifestyle and Expenditures of a Public Servant’s Family in Berlin (1889)

  34. Household of a Large Working-Class Family in a Village near Frankfurt am Main (1877)

  35. Large Dresden Family Living on 1,000 Marks per Year (1880s)

  36. A Working-Class File-Cutter Remembers his Fatherless Childhood (1879–1909)

  37. Taking a Morning Walk—in Jail (1880)

  38. Working-Class Boarding Houses in Chemnitz and Berlin (1890)

  39. Food Expenditures of Two Working-Class Families (1887–1888)

  40. Lifestyle and Expenditures of a Skilled Worker’s Family in Berlin (1890)

  41. Uneconomic Lifestyles of Workers, as Reported by Bourgeois Critics (1884 and 1889)

  42. “Der – Die – Das” (1897)

  43. Werner von Siemens’ Enterprise (1872)

  44. Adolph Menzel, Self-Portrait in a Rolling Mill (1872)

  45. Adolph Menzel, The Iron-Rolling Mill (Modern Cyclops) (1875)

  46. Alfred Krupp’s Steel Works in Essen (1890)

  47. Miners Petition to the King of Prussia for Relief from Intolerable Working Conditions in Essen (June 29, 1867)

  48. Adolph Menzel, Worker Eating, Multiple Views (c. 1872)

  49. Police Reports on Strikebreaking and Workplace Conflict in Hamburg (1889)

  50. Retail Clerks in Changing Economic Times (c. 1890)

  51. Middle-Class Office (1899)

  52. Butchers, Cattle-Traders, and Jews in Mainz

  53. A Tailor in a Small Pomeranian Town (1870s)

  54. Artisanal Masters Oppose the Rise of Factory Work in Krefeld (1870s)

  55. Adolph Menzel, Knife-grinder’s Workshop in the Hofgastein Smithy (1881)

  56. Adolph Menzel, Bricklayers on a Building Site (1875)

  57. Categories of Rural Workers in the Late Nineteenth Century

  58. Flax Cultivation on the Lüneburg Heath (1870s)

  59. Franz Rehbein, Farm Worker (c. 1890)

  60. Daily Hours of Work (1800–1914)

  61. Laying a Cable near Mühlheim am Rhein (1880)

  62. Wartime Distress Experienced by Chemnitz Workers in Summer 1866 (Retrospective Account, 1910)

  63. Childhood of a Tobacco Worker (1868–70)

  64. Tobacco Workers with Reader (1860s–1870s)

  65. Child Labor in an Optics Factory (c. 1870)

  66. Working-Class Hierarchies in a Steel Factory (c. 1880)

  67. Munich Street Sweepers (1872)

  68. From “du” to “Sie”: A Bourgeois Social Reformer’s Views on Workplace Relations (1880–1910)

  69. Louise Otto-Peters, Women’s Right to Earn a Living (1866)

  70. Eduard Reich, Studies of Women (1875)

  71. Ottilie Baader, Seamstress and Home-Worker (1870s)

  72. Fritz Paulsen, At the Employment Agency or Servants’ Bureau (1881)

  73. Berlin Employment Agency for Domestic Servants (1889)

  74. The Titles “Frau,” “Fräulein,” “Herr,” and “Herrlein” (1871)

  75. The Double Standard: Marital Infidelity among Men and Women (1886)

  76. Occupation of Fathers of Illegitimate Children Born in Leipzig (1884 and 1891)

  77. Occupation of Mothers of Illegitimate Children Born in Berlin (1891)

  78. Age of Registered Prostitutes in Berlin (1873)

  79. Occupation of Parents of Registered Prostitutes in Berlin (1873)

  80. Former Occupation of Registered Prostitutes in Berlin (1873)

  81. A Proletarian Mother and Her Stillborn Child (1860–1882)

  82. The Sexual Morals of Working-Class Women: A Male View (1890)

  83. The Sexual Morals of Working-Class Women: A Female View (c. 1891)

  84. The Effects of Social Democratic Activities and Unemployment on a Working-Class Marriage (1880s)

  85. Hedwig Dohm, What the Pastors Think of Women (1872)

  86. Hedwig Dohm, Women’s Right to Vote (1876)

  87. Hedwig Dohm on Women’s Right to Vote (1876)

  88. Practical Courses Offered by the Vocational Schools of the Lette Association (1871–72, 1879)

  89. Graduating Class of a Girl’s Vocational School in Hamburg (1882)

  90. Lectures Offered by the Women’s Education Association in Leipzig (1865–84)

  91. The Employment of Women: Conservative and Liberal Views (1872)

  92. Clara Zetkin, The Women Worker’s and Women’s Question of our Times (1889)

  93. August Bebel, Women under Socialism (1879)

  94. August Bebel, Women Under Socialism [Die Frau und der Sozialismus] (1879/1910)

  95. The Impact of Bebel’s Women under Socialism (c. 1890)

  96. A Social Democratic Women’s Meeting in Berlin (1890)