Sources

  1. Protestants, Catholics, Jews, and Others: Confessional Population (December 1, 1871)

  2. Geographical Distribution of Protestants and Catholics (1890)

  3. Adolph Menzel, Procession in Hofgastein (1880)

  4. Social Background of German Elites and Members of the Clergy (1800–1919)

  5. “‘Of One Mind.’ (For Once!)” (January 25, 1879)

  6. Founding Manifesto of the Protestant League (1887); Statistics on Membership (1887–1913)

  7. Workers’ Conceptions of Religion (1890)

  8. Georg Knorr, Collection after the Service (1881)

  9. Election Day in the Bavarian Mountains (c. 1870)

  10. Social Antagonism between Protestants and Catholics (1870s–1880s)

  11. Otto Edmund Günther/ Albert Bothe, Disputing Theologians (1876)

  12. “Between Berlin and Rome” (1875)

  13. “Modus vivendi” (1878)

  14. Center Party Leader Ludwig Windthorst with Members of the Guelph Party (1889)

  15. The Free Religious Movement (1870s–1880s)

  16. Jewish Population in Central European Cities (1871–1910)

  17. Proportion of Foreign-Born Jews in Germany (1871–1910)

  18. Martin Lövinson Recalls Jewish Emancipation and Enthusiasm for the German Wars of Unification (early 1870s)

  19. Jewish Field Service during the Franco-Prussian War (undated)

  20. Legal Emancipation of the Jews (July 3, 1869)

  21. Emil Lehmann’s Petition to Improve the Legal Rights of Jews in Saxony (November 25, 1869)

  22. A Jewish Rabbi in a Prussian Reading Circle (1880s)

  23. Jewish Synagogue, Oranienburger Strasse (c. 1885)

  24. A Jewish Child’s Memories of his Family’s “Conversion” from Orthodox to Reform Practices (1880s)

  25. Geographic Distribution of Liberal and Orthodox Jews

  26. Richard Wagner, “Jewry in Music” (1850/1869)

  27. Wilhelm Marr, The Victory of Jewry over Germandom (March 1879)

  28. Court Chaplain Adolf Stoecker Introduces Antisemitism to the Christian Social Workers’ Party (September 19, 1879)

  29. Court Chaplain Adolf Stoecker (1880)

  30. Anonymous, “The Antipathy to Jews” (1879)

  31. Heinrich von Treitschke Pronounces “The Jews are Our Misfortune” (November 15, 1879)

  32. Historian Heinrich von Treitschke (c. 1880)

  33. Jacob Burckhardt on the Likely Consequences of Antisemitic Agitation (January 2, 1880)

  34. Antisemites’ Petition (1880–81)

  35. Antisemitic Postcard: “The Only Jew-free hotel in Frankfurt am Main” (1897)

  36. Postcard from a “Jew-free” Hotel in Frankfurt am Main (1901)

  37. Restaurant Interior of a “Jew-free” Hotel in Frankfurt am Main (c. 1900)

  38. Antisemitic Postcard: “Greetings from New Jerusalem” (1890s)

  39. Emil Lehmann Addresses Leipzig Jews on the Antisemitic Movement (April 11, 1880)

  40. Jewish Civic Leader Emil Lehmann (1894)

  41. Declaration of Seventy-Five Notables against Antisemitism (November 12, 1880)

  42. Historian Theodor Mommsen (c. 1870)

  43. Anton von Werner, The 70th Birthday of Commercial Councilor Valentin Manheimer (1887)

  44. Ernst Henrici Addresses Berlin Antisemites in the Reichshall Meeting: A Report in the Tribune (December 1880)

  45. “Manifesto to the Governments and Peoples of the Christian Nations Threatened by Jewry”: The First Anti-Jewish Congress in Dresden (September 11–12, 1882)

  46. Antisemitic Caricature: “Metamorphosis” (1903)

  47. Antisemitic Caricature: The Jew as Sexual Predator (1899)

  48. The Antisemitic Movement in Germany—Through British Eyes (1873–1892)

  49. Public Schooling in Prussia: Number of Institutions, Teachers, and Pupils (1864–1913)

  50. Carl Conrad Julius Hertel, Young Germany at School (1874)

  51. Students Attending Universities and Other Institutions of Higher Learning in Prussia (1869–1912)

  52. Memories of a Secondary School [Gymnasium] Student in Leipzig (c. 1880)

  53. Fifth Grade Class in the Middle School in Wittenberge (1888)

  54. Child Labor on a Pomeranian Estate and its Effects on School Lessons (1887)

  55. Elementary School Pupils as Messengers and Workers (1878–1890)

  56. Class Divisions and School Curricula in a Small-Town Elementary School (1880s)

  57. The Drawing Lesson (1870)

  58. Catholic and Protestant Girls’ Schooling (late 1880s–1890s)

  59. Self-Described Status and Duties of an Elementary School Teacher (c. 1890)

  60. The Association of German Students: Leipzig Students Remember the First Ten Years (1881–1891)

  61. Kaiser Wilhelm II’s Royal Decree on Reformed School Instruction as a Means to Combat Social Democracy (May 1, 1889)

  62. Kaiser Wilhelm I’s Royal Proclamation on Social Policy (November 17, 1881)

  63. Kaiser Wilhelm I’s Royal Proclamation on Public Health Insurance (November 17, 1881)

  64. Bismarck’s Reichstag Speech on the Law for Workers’ Compensation (March 15, 1884)

  65. Kaiser Wilhelm II on the Workers’ Question (January 21, 1890)

  66. Kaiser Wilhelm II’s Decree to Bismarck on Workers’ Protection and Social Policy (February 4, 1890)

  67. Collecting Benefits from Old Age and Disability Insurance (c. 1890)

  68. A Workplace Accident: A Hamburg Shoemaker’s Plea for Assistance and a Senator’s Response (1883–84)

  69. Report of a Poor-Relief Doctor in Berlin (c. 1890)

  70. Child Vaccination in the Countryside (1866)

  71. “It’s Amazingly Rare that I get an Egg!” Breakfast for a Leipzig Working-Class Family (mid-1880s)

  72. The Unhealthy Nourishment of Urban Workers as Depicted by a Bourgeois Social Reformer (1890)

  73. Baron Hugo von Habermann, A Delicate Child (1886)

  74. Social Democrats Discuss the State’s Social Insurance Policy (1890)

  75. Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 1, The Process of Capitalist Production (1867)

  76. Karl Marx, Das Kapital, Volume 1, Book 1, Cover of the First Edition (1867)

  77. Why the Government Cannot Ignore the Social Question: A Conservative View (January 29, 1872)

  78. The Adèle Spitzeder Banking Swindle in Bavaria (November 28, 1872)

  79. “The Latest Rumor” (April 1872)

  80. The Association for Social Policy [Verein für Sozialpolitik] (1872–97)

  81. Gustav Schmoller on the Social Question and the Prussian State (1874)

  82. Heinrich von Treitschke, “Socialism and its Patrons” (1874)

  83. Franz Perrot’s “Era Articles” Attacking Bismarck’s Ministry, Liberals, and the Jews (June 29–July 1, 1875)

  84. Otto Glagau, The Stock Market and Founding Era Swindle in Berlin (1876)

  85. Christian Ludwig Bokelmann, The People’s Bank Shortly Before the Crash (1877)

  86. Franz Hitze, The Quintessence of the Social Question (1880)

  87. German Forests as a National Institution: Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, Land und Leute [Land and People] (1854/61)

  88. Emil Adolf Roßmäßler, The Woodlands (1863/81)

  89. Ernst Heyn, “Beech Tree” (1863)

  90. A Manifesto for Environmental Protection: Ernst Rudorff, “On the Relationship of Modern Life to Nature” (1880)

  91. Catastrophic Flooding in Dresden (1890)

  92. Debate on a Petition to Save the Siebengebirge Mountains (1887)

  93. Broadside against the Construction of a Chemical Factory in the Ruhr Industrial Basin (c. 1874)

  94. 200-Meter Smokestack at the Halsbrücker Smelting Works Near Freiberg (1889)

  95. Yearly Sums Paid to Those Claiming Damages from Air Pollution near Freiberg in Saxony (1855–67)

  96. The Burbach Smelting Works near Saarbrücken (1876)

  97. Alfred Krupp on the Charm of Belching Smokestacks (January 12, 1867)

  98. Krupp Smokestacks in Essen (1861)