Sources

  1. “Pulpit Law” (December 10, 1871)

  2. Ludwig von Windthorst, Leader of the German Center Party (c. 1870)

  3. School Inspection Law (March 11, 1872)

  4. Anti-Jesuit Law (July 4, 1872)

  5. Karl Biedermann to Eduard Lasker, Agonizing over Liberalism’s Stance on Exceptional Laws (June 12, 1872)

  6. Association of German Catholics, Founding Manifesto (July 8, 1872)

  7. Kulturkampf Legislation (May 31, 1875)

  8. Bismarck Introduces Ludwig Windthorst to His Wife Johanna (May 3, 1879)

  9. Bismarck’s Conception of a modus vivendi with Rome (December 19, 1882)

  10. Bismarck’s Speech to the Prussian House of Deputies on the “Polish Question” (January 28, 1886)

  11. Wilhelm Liebknecht on Elections to Parliament as a Means of Agitation (May 31, 1869)

  12. Ernst Henseler, Tavern Scene (1877)

  13. August Bebel Criticizes the Franco-Prussian War and the Annexation of Alsace-Lorraine (November 26, 1870)

  14. Socialists on Trial for Treason (1872)

  15. Wilhelm Liebknecht, “Yes, We Want to Destroy What Our Enemies Call ‘Culture,’ ‘Civilization’” (October 22, 1871)

  16. Social Democratic Leader Wilhelm Liebknecht (c. 1895)

  17. Social Democratic Workers’ Party Congress in Dresden (August 12–15, 1871)

  18. Social Democracy and the German Reichstag (1892)

  19. Postcard Commemorating the Social Democratic Gotha Party Congress (1875)

  20. The Social Democratic Movement: Its Electoral Rise and Legal Repression (1871–1890)

  21. Ludwig Knaus, The Malcontent (1877)

  22. Reactions to the First Attempt on the Life of Kaiser Wilhelm I (Retrospective Account, 1910)

  23. First Assassination Attempt on Kaiser Wilhelm I (May 11, 1878)

  24. Reactions to the Second Attempt on Kaiser Wilhelm’s Life (Retrospective Account, 1910)

  25. Bloodied Uniform Worn by Kaiser Wilhelm I

  26. Kaiser Wilhelm I Recuperates after a Second Attempt was Made on His Life (1878)

  27. Ludwig Hahn, Memorandum Concerning New Reichstag Elections in 1878 (June 23, 1878)

  28. “Reichstag Dissolution” (July 7, 1878)

  29. Eduard Stephani to Rudolf von Bennigsen on the National Liberals’ Motives for Supporting Bismarck (July 14, 1878)

  30. Conservative Leader Otto von Helldorff Defends Bismarck’s Anti-Socialist Legislation (September 16, 1878)

  31. Robert Koehler, The Socialist (1885)

  32. Robert Koehler, The Strike (1886)

  33. Socialist Leader August Bebel Condemns Anti-Socialist Legislation (September 16, 1878)

  34. Social Democratic Leader August Bebel (1882)

  35. August Bebel and Friedrich Wilhelm Fritzsche during the Socialist Debates (September 16 and 17, 1878)

  36. Anti-Socialist Law (October 21, 1878)

  37. The Anti-Socialist Law (October 21, 1878)

  38. “The Socialist Jack-in-the-Box” (September 28, 1878)

  39. “We Don’t Give a Hoot about the Law!” A Social Democratic Pipe (1878)

  40. General Overview of the Situation of the Social Democratic and Revolutionary Movements by the Berlin Political Police (January 12, 1882)

  41. Berlin Police President Guido von Madai and the Social Democratic Movement (1870s and 1880s)

  42. Socialist “Conspirators” (1879)

  43. Socialist Leaders Are Discovered by Police (c. 1890)

  44. Three Decisions of the Imperial Commission against the “Publicly Dangerous Aspirations” of Social Democracy (1878-88)

  45. Confiscated Issue of Der Sozialdemokrat Addressed to August Bebel (March 1880)

  46. A Comrade’s “Safe-Conduct” Papers (February 14, 1885)

  47. “For the Committee Debating the Anti-Socialist Law” (1884)

  48. Ludwig Bamberger on the Extension of the Anti-Socialist Law (1884)

  49. Theodor Barth on the Need for Left-Liberal Opposition to Bismarck (June 26, 1886)

  50. A Working-Class Youth in the Harz Region on the Expiry of the Anti-Socialist Law (September 30, 1890)

  51. Consequences of the Anti-Socialist Laws—Police Break up a Peaceful Assembly in Berlin (1890)

  52. Socialist “Revenge” (1888)

  53. Election Appeal on Behalf of Wilhelm Liebknecht (August 30, 1888)

  54. Members of the Social Democratic Reichstag Caucus (1889)

  55. “Proletarians of all Countries, Unite!” (1889)

  56. “1,341,587 Social Democratic Voters” (March 8, 1890)

  57. Postcard Showing Portraits of Social Democratic Reichstag Deputies (1890)

  58. Workers Enjoy a May Day Outing in Dresden (1890)

  59. August Bebel and Paul Singer Celebrating May Day in Dresden (1890)

  60. German Conservative Party, Founding Manifesto (June 7/July 12, 1876)

  61. Members of the Conservative Party’s Reichstag Caucus (1889)

  62. The Appeal of the Conservative Party in One Federal State (1876–77)

  63. Imperial and Free Conservative Party, Founding Manifesto (October 27, 1867)

  64. The Antisemitic German Social Party, Bochum Program (June 11, 1889)

  65. Seven Antisemitic Leaders (1880s)

  66. Program of the Catholic Center Party’s Reichstag Caucus (late March 1871)

  67. “Chancellor’s Love” (1882)

  68. National Liberal Party, Founding Program (June 12, 1867)

  69. “At the Helm” (June 15, 1879)

  70. Program of the German Progressive Party (November 25, 1878)

  71. “The Favorite” (May 30, 1880)

  72. German Radical Party, Founding Program (March 5, 1884)

  73. Saxon People’s Party, Founding Program (August 19, 1866)

  74. The Social Democratic Workers’ Party, Eisenach Program (August 8, 1869)

  75. Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany, Gotha Program (May 1875)

  76. Karl Marx’s Critique of the Gotha Program (April/May 1875)

  77. Friedrich Engels on the Socialists’ Gotha Program (October 12, 1875)

  78. Elections to the German Reichstag (1871–1890): A Statistical Overview

  79. Caricature: “Politicking Coachmen” (1884)

  80. Theodor Fritsch to Wilhelm Marr on New Tactics for the Struggle against the Jews (1884–85)

  81. Hellmuth von Gerlach on Leading Antisemites and Their Agitation (1880s)

  82. Last Moments of an Election Battle (c. 1890)

  83. Theodor Fontane Describes a Conservative Election Campaign in Rural Brandenburg (1880s)

  84. “Election Agitators” (1884)

  85. Ferdinand Lindner, An Electoral Philistine (November 1881)

  86. Hellmuth von Gerlach Describes a Conservative Election Campaign in Rural Silesia (1880s)

  87. First Election News on October 27, 1881 (no date)

  88. Herbert von Bismarck on Election “Overseers” in Danzig and Bismarck's Strategy against Left Liberalism (October 1881)

  89. Emil Schwabe, Unresolved Questions (1887)

  90. Gustav Freytag Describes a Liberal Election Campaign in Erfurt (January 21 and 30, 1867)

  91. From Berlin Election Meetings (February 22, 1890)

  92. Paul Göhre Describes a Socialist Election Campaign in Chemnitz (1890)

  93. Wilhelm Leibl, The Newspaper Reader (1891)

  94. Friedrich Engels to Karl Marx’s Daughter on Social Democracy’s Prospects after the Reichstag Elections (February 26, 1890)

  95. Party Share of the Popular Vote in the Reichstag Elections (1871–1890)

  96. Map: The Reichstag Elections of 1877

  97. Map: The Reichstag Elections of 1878

  98. Map: The Reichstag Elections of 1884

  99. Results of the Reichstag Elections (1890–1898)

  100. Retrospective Judgment of a District Governor on the Failure of the Anti-Socialist Law (1925)

  101. What the Coming Reichstag Will Look Like (1878)

  102. “Bismarck Unmasked” (1879)

  103. Theodor Fontane to Georg Friedlaender on Self-Seeking Byzantinism as the Hallmark of the Age (April 3, 1887)

  104. Kaiser Wilhelm I and Bismarck in Conversation (1887)

  105. Royal Hunting Expedition (1887)

  106. Kaiser Wilhelm I’s Last Public Appearance (March 3, 1888)

  107. Kaiser Wilhelm I’s Last Official Signature (March 8, 1888)

  108. Anton von Werner, “Kaiser Wilhelm I on His Deathbed” (1888)

  109. Anton von Werner, Crown Prince Friedrich at the Court Ball of 1878 (1895)

  110. Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Teaching School in Bornstedt (1898)

  111. Albrecht von Stosch to Count Alfred von Waldersee on Bismarck's Successor (January 30, 1890)

  112. Bismarck and Germany: Past, Present, and Future (1897)

  113. Hans Delbrück, “Bismarck’s Last Political Idea” (1912)

  114. Bismarck’s Letter of Resignation (March 18, 1890)

  115. Bismarck’s Handwritten Letter of Resignation (March 18, 1890)

  116. Bismarck’s Train Leaves the Station (March 29, 1890)

  117. Hans Delbrück on Bismarck’s Legacy (April 1890)

  118. Jacob Burckhardt on Bismarck’s Legacy (1890)

  119. “Our State Ministry in Uniform (With One Exception)” (March 28, 1889)

  120. Eugen Richter and Max Weber on Bismarck’s Legacy (1890 and 1917/18)

  121. Ernst Henseler, Parliamentary Morning Pint (1894)